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Plasma metabolites predict both insulin resistance and incident type 2 diabetes: a metabolomics approach within the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) study.

Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain. CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Departments of Nutrition, Boston, MA. Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Epidemiology and Statistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2019;(3):626-634
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Abstract

BACKGROUND Insulin resistance is a complex metabolic disorder and is often associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to test whether baseline metabolites can additionally improve the prediction of insulin resistance beyond classical risk factors. Furthermore, we examined whether a multimetabolite model predicting insulin resistance in nondiabetics can also predict incident T2D. METHODS We used a case-cohort study nested within the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) trial in subsets of 700, 500, and 256 participants without T2D at baseline and 1 and 3 y. Fasting plasma metabolites were semiquantitatively profiled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We assessed associations between metabolite concentrations and the homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) through the use of elastic net regression analysis. We subsequently examined associations between the baseline HOMA-IR-related multimetabolite model and T2D incidence through the use of weighted Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS We identified a set of baseline metabolites associated with HOMA-IR. One-year changes in metabolites were also significantly associated with HOMA-IR. The area under the curve was significantly greater for the model containing the classical risk factors and metabolites together compared with classical risk factors alone at baseline [0.81 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.84) compared with 0.69 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.73)] and during a 1-y period [0.69 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.72) compared with 0.57 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.62)]. The variance in HOMA-IR explained by the combination of metabolites and classical risk factors was also higher in all time periods. The estimated HRs for incident T2D in the multimetabolite score (model 3) predicting high HOMA-IR (median value or higher) or HOMA-IR (continuous) at baseline were 2.00 (95% CI: 1.58, 2.55) and 2.24 (95% CI: 1.72, 2.90), respectively, after adjustment for T2D risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The multimetabolite model identified in our study notably improved the predictive ability for HOMA-IR beyond classical risk factors and significantly predicted the risk of T2D.

Methodological quality

Publication Type : Clinical Trial

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